Busting Stretching Myths

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Mel Siff asked:


Dr Mel Siff in his usual style, addresses a number of myths about stretching in this great post from the Supertrainig Mailing List – here is the question that brought his response

In keeping with this discussion I recently found an excellent literature review-

“Myths and Truths of Stretching” at the following website: physsportsmed.com

It discussed some interesting principles such as desensitisation to stretch

rather the muscle spindle lengthening, which make one think about our

treatments and advices in the past.

**Several of us have been questioning the necessity for the use of

dedicated “stretching” and “warming up” sessions for many years, so it is

good to see a review of this stature examining these issues in depth (see

Siff MC “Facts and Fallacies of Fitness” 2000). I also like to point out

that stretching exercise (which are meant to deform tissues) are not

necessarily the same as flexibility exercises (which are meant to increase

range of movement).

There are several interesting issues in Shrier’s article on stretching facts

and myths (THE PHYSICIAN & SPORTSMEDICINE – Vol 28 – No. 8 – Aug 2000), such

as this one:

< With respect to alleviating the pain associated with stiffness, the weight

of the evidence suggests that the decrease in stiffness is not as important

as the increase in “stretch tolerance”. Briefly, an increase in stretch

tolerance means that patients feel less pain for the same force applied to

the muscle. The result is increased range of motion, even though true

stiffness does not change. This could occur through increased tissue strength

or analgesia; however, increased stretch tolerance that occurs immediately

after stretching must be caused by an analgesic effect because tissue

strength does not increase during 2 minutes of stretching. Unfortunately,

evidence of a possible analgesic effect is recent, and the underlying

mechanism is unknown. After weeks of stretching, increases in stretch

tolerance could theoretically occur because stretch-induced hypertrophy may

increase tissue strength , and/or an analgesia effect may be present. >

*The use of the term “analgesic” may not be entirely appropriate. While

there may be an as yet identified analgesic effect associated with intense

stretching, this may be greatly overshadowed by an accommodation effect which

changes the Rating of Perceived Effort (or pain) with regular imposition of

progressively increased stretching loads. This happens with all lifting -

the load progressively feels lighter and the lifter then can execute more reps

or a heavier 1 rep max.

This is not necessarily the same as the so-called disinhibition effect which

is an objective altering of nervous processes in the body – it is an effect

that is more subjectively psychological in origin (even though it also

obviously involves neural processes).

Despite the very useful and interesting nature of this review, the reference

list was disappointingly small and it made no use of some really relevant

work by Russian scientists such as Iashvili (see Ch 3 of Siff & Verkhoshansky

“Supertraining” 1999).

At least, the high profile given to this article will tend to make the

fitness pros and sports coaches start wondering a lot more about all those

traditional ideas about stretching and warming up.

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