Posts Tagged ‘Anti Inflammatory Drugs’

Acetaminophen and High Blood Pressure?


You are probably aware of the side effects and risks associated with taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Let’s take a look at ways these controversial painkillers may create more damage than good. US news website ABC recently covered a study published in the American Heart Association (AHA)Journal on high blood pressure. We’ll take a peak at the study and then get back to ABC in a moment.

A team from Harvard University (US) analyzed data from the first and second Nurses’ Health Studies. Using information from questionnaires, the researchers gathered information on high blood pressure and analgesics (painkillers), use in more than 5,000 women, ages 51-77 in the leading study and ages 34-53 in the subsequent study. Not any of the women had high blood pressure at the beginning of either study. Results showed that aspirin intake had no association with the incident of high blood pressure. But additional analgesics (painkillers) didn’t fare as well.

Women in the senior age group who used an average of 400 mg of ibuprofen per day had an 80 percent increased chance of hypertension compared to women who didn’t use ibuprofen. Women in the younger group who used 400 mg of ibuprofen per day had a 60 percent increased chance of high blood pressure. Women in either group who took an average of 500 mg or more of acetaminophen everyday were twice as probable to develop high blood pressure compared to women who didn’t use the medication.

In the published study, the authors report; “Because acetaminophen and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are habitually used, they may contribute to the high prevalency of high blood pressure in the United States. I’ve taken studies to task when their designs were clearly flawed or the conclusions plainly biased. And basically that’s all ABC did with the BWH study. Or that’s how it appears on the surface.

So why did ABC elect this study for a investigation? Well, there could be all sorts of reasons. The possibility that comes to mind most readily is the reality that the network receives loads of dollars in advertising revenues from the makers of acetaminophen and ibuprofen products.

Reporter John McKenzie from ABC stated that, “Many doctors today were unusually critical of this latest research, and they worried about the fear it could trigger.” Haven’t analgesics (painkillers) been proven to cause gastrointestinal problems along with kidney and liver damage when taken in excess. But fears about vitamin E, which is safe and has been shown to promote heart health? Hey, there’s no problem there.

Here are the flaws in the BWH study, according to the doctor duo. Researchers didn’t measure the subjects’ blood pressure; they relied on subjects to report on any diagnosis of high blood pressure. Researchers didn’t count the pills subjects were taking – again they relied on the subjects to report analgesic (painkiller) intake.

There was no follow up to see if the amount or type of analgesics (painkillers) taken at the beginning of the study changed by the end of the study. The study didn’t rule out other potential causes of high blood pressure.

These are valid points, although a couple of them are rather weak. For example, if a nurse says she’s been diagnosed with high blood pressure, well, she’s a nurse! She would know. What Mr. McKenzie doesn’t note is that the researchers are well aware that their findings are not the final word on the question of an analgesic (painkiller) and high blood pressure connection.

In an AHA press release about the study, lead author, Dr John Phillip Forman, states that more research is needed to confirm the findings, and adds, “It is important to emphasize that our study is not proof that these drugs will raise blood pressure in all women. Rather, women and their doctors should use caution when using these drugs.



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How Dangerous Are COX-2 Drugs For Arthritis?


Ever since the voluntary withdrawal of rofecoxib (Vioxx) from the market, debate has raged regarding the risks of COX-2 drugs. Another casualty of the COX-2 “wars” was valdecoxib (Bextra), for an unrelated reason (rashes).

The debate has been fueled, in part, by hysteria, rather than data. What do we know about COX-2 drugs right now? For one, we know that they cause many fewer severe side effects in the gastrointestinal tract than traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS).

Also, investigations regarding specific damage to the small bowel show that COX-2 drugs cause less damage in this location than NSAIDS combined with proton-pump inhibitors (drugs like Nexium, Protonix, Prilosec, etc.) As a result, it is recommended that in patients requiring an anti-inflammatory drug, that COX-2 preparations are preferred for patients with gastrointestinal risk factors such as a prior history of ulcers or who are taking medicines such as anticoagulants (Coumadin) or corticosteroids.

Two other advantages of COX-2 drugs are that they cause much less bleeding than standard NSAIDS because they do not affect platelet function and that they can be used in patients who have aspirin-induced asthma.

An increase in cardiovascular events in patients taking COX-2 drugs was first noted during studies assessing the effect of COX-2 drugs in patients with adenomas of the colon.

Other studies then showed that regular tradtitional NSAIDS such as diclofenac (Voltaren) result in a similar cardiovascular risk. Further research has shown that all NSAIDS have this increase in cardiovascular risk that is indistinguishable from that associated with COX-2 drugs. This indicates that there is, at present, no distinction as far as cardiovascular risk associated with COX-2 drugs versus standard NSAIDS.

Another interesting twist is that standard non-NSAID analgesics such as acetaminophen (Tylenol) also inhibit COX-2 in vivo and should be evaluated for cardiovascular risk.

A recent analysis of the Nurses’ Health Studies showed that volunteers taking acetaminophen at daily doses of more than 500 mg had a significantly higher risk of developing hypertension in comparison with a group not taking acetaminophen. The relative risk of hypertension associated with acetaminophen was surprisingly similar to that of NSAIDS. Confirming this finding, a large, prospective study showed that use of more than 15 tablets of acetaminophen per week leads to about the same risk as NSAIDS for cardiovascular events.

Current practice is to advise that patients take the lowest dose of COX2 inhibitor for as brief as time as possible. Exactly what the “safest” dose is and what the “safest length of time” is, still are unclear.

Additional studies are being performed that hopefully will identify and characterize laboratory markers that could be utilized to identify patients at cardiovascular risk before a decision is taken concerning the use of NSAIDS and COX2 inhibitors, in particular.

What’s the take home message here? The first is that both traditional NSAIDS as well as COX-2 inhibitors carry the same risk for cardiovascular risks. In patients with gastrointestinal risk factors who require anti-inflammatory drugs, COX-2 preparations may be preferred over a combination of traditional NSAIDS and proton pump inhibitors. Data regarding this recommendation are still not set in concrete.

Analgesics such as acetaminophen may not be as safe as once supposed.

The “safest” dosing regimen for COX-2 drug administration remains to be defined. Further research is required to develop safer and more effective medicines.



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Ultram pain medicine information


Further, although the risk of seizure is present for all users of prescription drug Ultram, this risk may be significantly higher in those who have certain medical conditions. For that reason, it is important that you tell your doctor if you suffer from any of the following conditions: a history of drug abuse, epilepsy or seizure disorder, previous head injury, or a metabolic disorder.

Other disorders that may make prescription drug Ultram contraindicated include liver disease, kidney disease, any disorder of the stomach, or a history of mental of depression illness.

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Pain is the bodys warning signal that something is wrong. If the pain is due to overuse or arthritis there are many things to consider. In all likelihood, one of the first things a person will reach for is an over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medicine.

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medicines work by blocking the synthesis of cyclooxygenase, the enzyme responsible for the production of pro-inflammatory prostaglandins. The two different pathways that are blocked are COX-1 and COX-2.

Despite the negative publicity surrounding COX-2 drugs, it is clear that all anti-inflammatory drugs have potential cardiovascular risks. These drugs also may inhibit bone and tendon healing. They may also block the absorption of nutrients… So the weekend warrior needs to take notice.

While hypnotherapy can give some control over the pain, many sufferers who have the disease have been harmed by abuse, and are very reluctant to lose any further control over their lives. Having bought into the popular notion that hypnotism is a lose of control to the will of the hypnotist, they must first overcome this powerful cultural and erroneous indoctrination they have bought into before they could ever use the therapy. Others with no such hang-ups will find it helpful. Learning meditation forms can also be helpful. A quite calm meditation music can be very helpful in clearing out the mind from worries and anxieties.

Belonging to a group and getting group support can be very helpful.

Fioricet (butalbital)

Fioricet is a combination drug. It is made up of acetaminophen, caffeine and butalbital. Acetaminophen is the same medication in Tylenol You know caffeine from coffee (or even your favorite candy bar.) Butalbital is a mild barbiturate. It relaxes you.

Medical Science does not have an explanation for the reason this combination of drugs works so well, but the fact is Fioricet (and its generic form butalbital) is highly effective for tension headache. Presumably, it relaxes the muscles in the head and neck which typically tighten during tension headaches.. This is the top selling drug at our pharmacy month after month- it really helps headaches!

Corticosteroids

Another group of medication used for rheumatoid arthritis treatment is corticosteroids. These drugs suppress the immune system, thus reducing inflammation.

Cortisone (Cortone), methylprednisolone (SoluMedrol, DepoMedrol), betamethasone (Celestone Soluspan), triamcinolone (Aristocort), dexamethasone (Decadron), prednisolone (Delta-Cortef), and prednisone (Deltasone, Orasone), are some examples of corticosteroids.

Although corticosteroids can be effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, they are known to trigger adverse effects when used in extended periods of time. Some of these side effects include easy bruising, glaucoma, cataracts, thinning bones, and excessive weight gain, and diabetes. Because of their potential to develop severe side effects, these medications are often only used as a short-term remedy to manage sudden outbreaks of the disease. On the plus side, a single injection of the drug can inhabit inflammation of a specific joint for a long period of time.

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What is the Most Important Information I Should Know About Tramadol?


- Tramadol

Tramadol is a non-opioid prescription pain relief medication that is meant to help alleviate moderate to moderately severe pain. Tramadol is a synthetic analgesic, not an anti-inflammatory, which means that people who cannot take anti-inflammatory drugs due to their side effects, can often take Tramadol to help relieve their pain. Tramadol is the generic form of the prescription drug Ultram.

- Uses of Tramadol

Tramadol is considered to be an analgesic used in the treatment or prevention of pain.

Tramadol Directions

It’s important to follow the directions given by your doctor for your prescription tramadol. Be sure to store Tramadol at room temperature, and keep away from high heat and lights.

- Tramadol Side Effects

Certain side effects that may occur with the use of Tramadol may only be temporary and might subside throughout the course of taking tramadol.  those side effects may include:  dizziness, nausea, drowsiness, dry mouth, constipation, headache, or sweating.  If these side effects do continue or are becoming bothersome, be sure to check with your doctor.  If any of the following occur, be sure to check with your doctor as soon as possible: skin rash, itching, seizures, or hallucinations. If you notice other side effects not listed above, make sure to contact your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist.

- Tramadol Precautions

It’s important that the recommended dosage of tramadol is not exceeded or that you don’t take Tramadol for longer than prescribed.  If you experience difficulty breathing or tightness of chest; swelling of eyelids, face, or lips; or develop a rash or hives, tell your doctor immediately. Do not take any more Tramadol unless your doctor tells you to do so. Avoid alcohol while you are using this medicine. Tramadol will add to the effects of alcohol and other depressants. Do not drive, operate machinery, or do anything else that could be dangerous until you know how you react to this medicine. Using Ultram alone, with other medicines, or with alcohol may lessen your ability to drive or to perform other potentially dangerous tasks. Before you begin taking any new medicine, either prescription or over-the-counter, check with your doctor or pharmacist. For women: if you plan on becoming pregnant, discuss with your doctor the benefits and risks of using Ultram during pregnancy. Tramadol is excreted in breast milk. Do not breast-feed while taking Tramadol.

- Tramadol Drug Interactions

Drug interactions can result in unwanted side effects or prevent a medicine from doing its job. Consult your pharmacist or physician if you have questions about drug interactions with Tramadol.

Missed Dose of Tramadol

If you miss a dose of Tramadol, take it as soon as possible. If it is almost time for your next dose, skip the missed dose and go back to your regular dosing schedule. Do not take 2 doses at once.

- Tramadol Overdose

If overdose of Tramadol is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include cold and clammy skin, low body temperature, slowed breathing, slowed heartbeat, drowsiness, dizziness, lightheadedness, seizures, deep sleep, and loss of consciousness.

Tramadol is taken orally once a day pain medication that helps to relieve the strain and stress of severe or moderately severe pain. Tramadol can be used for people whom may have chronic pain disorders, or a patient that may just had dental surgery. Tramadol may also help to pain such as:

-  Migraines

-  Sprains

-  Broken ligaments

-  Chronic pain

-  Severe back pain

-  Long-term pain

-  Cancer pain

Tramadol is used for any severe pain that won’t go away as fast as a stubbed toe. Tramadol is a great medication to use in short periods at a time. Tramadol is to be used for about 5 days at a time in order to avoid addiction to tramadol. Tramadol can also be used for elderly pain and end of life pain.



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This page is provided for educational and informational purposes only and is not intended as a substitute for the advice of a medical doctor, nurse, nurse practitioner or other qualified health professional.