Posts Tagged ‘Wear And Tear’

Msm for Natural Pain Relief, Tissue Repair, and General Health

April 24th, 2011 by Tramadol
Jennifer Kays asked:




Methylsulfonymethane, i.e. MSM, is a naturally occurring sulfur compound. MSM comes from plankton which releases dimethylsulfonium into the water. It is then oxidized into MSM as it reaches the surface of the water due to the presence of ozone and ultraviolet light. MSM then dissolves into the atmosphere moisture and returns to the earth in the form of rain and snow. Plants then absorb MSM into their structure. In the plant MSM and other minerals are bonded with carbon making them into a compound that animals and humans can absorb. MSM is essential for our nutrition. It is found in every cell in our bodies and is a vitally important for the structure and function of other compounds such as hormones, enzymes, antibodies, antioxidants, collagen and immunoglobulin. MSM maintains cell membrane flexibility and permeability helping to make the exchanges of nutrients and waste products function effeciently.

People have sought out hot springs containing large amounts of natural sulphur to soothe muscle aches and pains. In addition, we have obtained MSM from the food that we eat. However, now in an age of fast and processed foods, our foods no longer contain enough MSM for our bodies to use to repair connective tissue and muscle wear and tear that results in joint, back and muscles pain. Health authorities and doctors have recognized the benefit of MSM supplements in the treatment of pain. We are often able to lower the dosage of prescription pain medication with its possible harmful side effects, with the addition of MSM supplements to our diet. Prescription pain medications block our brains from perceiving pain, whereas, MSM repairs the tissue injury that originally caused the pain. Since MSM is essential for connective tissue health, it is very effective in treating the inflammation of arthritis and joint injury with it’s accompanying pain. MSM helps improve joint flexibility, reduce stiffness and swelling, improves circulation, reduces scar tissue, dissolves calcium deposits, and prevents cartilage degeneration. MSM also appears to inhibit pain impulses along nerves.

In addition to pain relief and tissue repair, MSM provides raw materials to create new cells to repair organ tissue. MSM helps with energy as a componenet of insulin and a prerequisite for normal carbohydrate metabolism. As plants absorb MSM from the soil they change them into amino acids such as methionine, cysteine and taurine that protect against radiation and chelate heavy metals for elimination from our bodies. MSM also contains keratin which is a protein that is the primary component of skin, nails, hair and teeth. Collagen, found in MSM, is a protein that forms bones, tendons and connective tissue and is the building block for tendons ligaments, heart valves, membranes, eyes and skin. MSM is also helpful in preventing nail and hair breakage and splitting as well as promoting the growth of hair and nails. MSM has been used to treat systemic lupus erythematosus, to prevent the onset of breast and colon cancer and to lessen or cure parasitic, microbial and fungal infections. MSM has been used to treat asthma because it regulates the fluid that covers the airway surface of the lungs, prevents an inflammatory response and helps to regulate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide. MSM helps alleviate allergies by detoxifying cells and eliminating free radicals. MSM is a natural and effective source of organic sulfur found in keratin and collagen which helps slow down the effect of aging on our skin and repairs skin damage.

For those of us who experience pain associated with joints and muscles due to aging or to strenuous work and activity, MSM provides us with an effective way to keep our connective tissue repaired and pain free. MSM also provides safe way to prevent and treat pain as studies has shown that no toxic effects due to MSM have been found in human use of MSM supplements. It seems like a natural occurring substance that repairs the tissue damage that is the original source of pain is a more wise choice than synthetic prescription pain medication that only masks the pain and does not address the original source of pain. MSM can be taken internally in capsule form or applied directly to a painful area with topical formulas containing MSM.



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Pain Relief | Foot Heel Pain Treatment for Foot Pain Relief

November 24th, 2010 by Tramadol
Ray Attebery asked:




Does your heel hurt every time you walk or stand on it? When you play sports, do you have to continuously call time-outs because of the pain? When you wake up in the morning, do you experience excruciating pain in your heel? If you have answered “yes” to any of these questions, you may have a foot spur and need treatment. Pain treatments vary as to their effectiveness.

Causes of Foot Heel Pain

Many different things can lead to heel pain. The first step in treatment is to see your doctor or a podiatrist. Your doctor can determine why you are experiencing heel pain and work with you to determine which foot heel pain treatment plan is right for you.

* Plantar fasciitis. Plantar fasciitis is a condition that occurs when the fascia (the band of tissues that connects your heel to your toes) becomes inflamed. This can happen from too much jumping or running, arthritis, or wearing poor-fitted shoes. Pain treatment for plantar fasciitis includes: specific exercises, rest, and/or heel inserts. If the pain is unbearable, your doctor may recommend medication to reduce the swelling.

* Stone Bruise. Something as simple as a stone or rock may be the cause of your heel pain. Sometimes when we step too hard on a solid object, we can bruise the pads of our heels. The pain treatment for a stone bruise is rest, walk on the ball of your foot, and ibuprofen to reduce inflammation. The pain will gradually go away.

* Tendonitis. Wear and tear can negatively affect the tendons in the foot, especially the Achilles tendon. When this happens, the Achilles tendon becomes inflamed, and pain behind the heel occurs. The pain treatment for this condition includes stretching exercises, heel inserts, pain medication, (Advil or Tylenol) or wearing open-backed shoes.

* Heel Spur. Your doctor or podiatrist will be able to point out if you have a spur by an x-ray. Causes of your heel pain could include inadequate flexibility in your calf muscles, lack of arch support, being overweight, suddenly increasing physical activity, and spending too much time on your feet. Treatment can involve any of or all of the following remedies as in rest, ice application, stretching, taping the heel for support, and orthonics for you shoes.

Foot Heel Pain Treatment: According to the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS), 72% of people who used stretching exercises to lesson heel pain, had the pain subside. Do not ignore the pain. It could be an early sign of a variety of serious conditions. That is why early treatment of your heel pain is so valuable. And the good news is, heel pain treatment plans are easy and can be conducted at home. Surgery is hardly ever necessary unless you let it get out of hand.

So, what are you waiting for? Do not let heel pain interrupt your life a minute more. Find the best heel pain treatment available by talking to your podiatrist and agreeing on a course of action.



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Hip Replacement Surgery Recovery Means a Lot of Things

November 19th, 2010 by Tramadol
Gil Nelson asked:




Hip replacement surgery recovery means that you’ve undergone hip replacement surgery, which should mean that you were identified by your physician as a good candidate for the procedure and that no other treatment options were working for you.  

Your recovery probably means that you had a badly arthritic hip, the cartilage and bone of which was removed via surgery.  You were given an artificial replacement, sort of like a prosthetic leg, but, of course, it’s your hip.

All of this information was undoubtedly explained to you time and time again, but what you might not know is how this metallic ball and stem that replaced the diseased ball and socket means to your hip replacement surgery recovery.  

Probably the biggest complication that can result from the artificial joint itself—not the surgery—is infection.  That’s something you’ll have to watch out for through the years.  There will be wear and tear with any prosthetic, but your doctor has helped or will help determine whether a polyethylene, metal, or ceramic prosthetic is right for you and your lifestyle because having the proper materials will help decrease your risk of infection.   

The surgery itself probably lasted or will last about two to four hours.  Whether it’s before or after the process for you, let’s imagine that we’re in the present right afterward, while you’re immediately being taken to a recovery room for a one- to four-hour observation.    

Your lower extremities are being watched closely to ensure that they have appropriate circulation and sensation; everyone’s on the alert for unusual numb or tingly feelings.  Nurses are standing by just in case.  Soon—let’s be optimistic—you’re stabilized and are being moved to a hospital room.

Now, the good news is, while you’re still being closely observed, given intravenous fluids to maintain your electrolytes and administered antibiotics, having fluids from the site of your surgery drained into tubes, given pain medication through a patient-controlled-analgesia (PCA) pump, you can begin the process of recovery right away.

What hip replacement surgery recovery is going to end up meaning the most is physical therapy and exercise.  This, more than any medication you’re given, is what’s going to really make you better; make you strong and healthy again.  So what does exercise mean when you’re lying there in the hospital bed, compression stockings wrapped around your legs to promote circulation so you don’t get clots?  

It means doing what you can, as much as you can.  It means rotating your ankles, if that’s all you’re able to do at first.  It means following your doctor-ordered physical therapy regime, which will likely start the day after your surgery.  It means, once that’s over, finding your own exercise program and sticking to it.

Ultimately, successful total hip replacement recovery means a chance at living an active life with minimal or no pain.  Truly, the meaning is up to you.

What you just learned about hip replacement recovery is just the beginning.  To get the full story and all the details, check us out at this great hip replacement surgery recovery website: http://hipreplacementrecovery.net/url



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Joint Supplements Do They Work?

October 30th, 2010 by Tramadol
Terry OBrien asked:




For at least twenty years there has been a debate about the treatment of osteoarthritis, about the use of the joint supplements glucosamine and chondroitin. Osteoarthritis is a condition that causes problems of wearing out of the normal smooth cartilage surfaces of the joints. Often called wear-and-tear arthritis, osteoarthritis causes joint pain, swelling, and deformity. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis.

What do the supplements do?

Glucosamine and chondroitin are two molecules that make up the type of cartilage found within joints. Inside your joints, cartilage undergoes a constant process of breakdown and repair. However, to be properly repaired, the building blocks of cartilage must be present and available.

The theory behind using the glucosamine and chondroitin joint supplements is that more of the cartilage building blocks will be available for cartilage repair.

Glucosamine is a precursor to a molecule called a glycosaminoglycan-this molecule is used in the formation and repair of cartilage.

Chondroitin is the most abundant glycosaminoglycan in cartilage and is responsible for the resiliency of cartilage.

However treatment with these joint supplements is based on the theory that oral consumption of glucosamine and chondroitin may increase the rate of formation of new cartilage by providing more of the necessary building blocks.

So does glucosamine and chondroitin supplements increase cartilage formation?

While it is an interesting theory, oral consumption of glucosamine and chondroitin has not been shown to alter the availability of these cartilage building blocks inside an arthritic joint. It has not been shown that consumption of joint supplements increases the quantity of these cartilage building blocks within any joint.

Has any research been done to investigate the effectiveness of glucosamine and chondroitin?

There have been numerous studies to examine the treatment effects of glucosamine and chondroitin over short periods of time. Most of these studies last only one to two months; however, they have indicated that patients experienced more pain reduction when taking glucosamine and chondroitin than patients receiving a placebo. The improvement experienced by these patients was similar to improvements experienced by patients taking nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) that have been a mainstay of non-operative arthritis treatment. The difference is that NSAIDs carry an increased risk of side effects including gastrointestinal complaints and bleeding.

The joint supplements glucosamine and chondroitin have few side effects, and thus their use would be preferred if the effects of pain reduction were indeed the same. Furthermore, there is an indication that NSAIDs may increase the progression of arthritis, whereas glucosamine and chondroitin may offer a more protective effect to the cartilage surface.

So when it comes to choosing joint supplements there are many options. Use caution when choosing both the supplement and brand. Recent studies have shown that some brands come far short of the label claims. In one study of eleven chondroitin products, tests showed four of the products contained less than half the stated amount of chondroitin. How do you choose a product? The Arthritis Foundation says to pick the most reputabile brand–don’t try to save with a cheaper imitation.

 

Terry O’Brien

Back Trouble UK



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Dr. Morrow’s Arthritis Secrets

March 3rd, 2010 by Tramadol

An overwhelming amount of information about arthritis exists on the internet—and sadly, much of it is outdated or just plain wrong. In this booklet, Jarret D. Morrow, MD, president and chief scientific officer of University Health Industries (OTC: UVHI, Dietary Supplement Company), presents an overview of known facts based on current research. For a free sample of Arthroleve, please visit: arthroleve.com.

How many types of arthritis are there?

Researchers have identified more than 100 different types of arthritis. The most common are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout.

What is osteoarthritis?

The most common type of arthritis, osteoarthritis (OA) is generally associated with aging and joint wear and tear. It can also result from other disorders such as diabetes. OA affects many joints, from the large, weight-bearing joints of the hips and knees to the smaller joints of the spine, hands, feet, and shoulders.

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a long-lasting disease where the immune system—the body’s defense against disease—mistakenly attacks itself and causes the joint lining to swell. The inflammation then spreads to the surrounding tissues, where it can damage cartilage and bone. RA can affect joints in any part of the body, but the hands, wrists, and knees are the most common. In more severe cases, rheumatoid arthritis can affect the skin, eyes, nerves, and internal organs.

What is gout?

Gout is a painful condition that occurs when the body cannot eliminate a natural substance called uric acid. The excess uric acid forms needle-like crystals in the joints that cause swelling and severe pain. Gout most often affects the big toe, knee, and wrist joints.

How many people suffer from arthritis?

More than 46 million adults in America suffer from arthritis and chronic pain. Approximately one-half of these individuals suffer from OA, and that number is growing rapidly as the population over age 50 increases. By 2030, the CDC’s National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion estimates that 67 million Americans will have been diagnosed with an arthritic condition.

What is the societal impact of arthritis?

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), arthritic conditions are the main cause of disability in the USA. These conditions cost the U.S. economy more than $128 billion annually, and that figure will continue to increase as the population ages.

What causes osteoarthritis?

In OA, biochemical and metabolic changes in the body result in the breakdown of joint cartilage. Over time, the joint cartilage wears away and bony growths (osteophytes) may form at the edges of joints. The cartilage loses its ability to effectively cushion the area between the two bones, and osteophytes may press on surrounding tissue. This results in pain that may range from mild to disabling.

How do joint injuries result in OA?

Chondrocytes are cells in the joint that produce cartilage. They normally die off (apoptosis) at a rate of less than 1 percent. But within 48 hours of trauma to a joint, the cell death rate shoots up dramatically—sometimes as high as 37 percent. The dying cells stimulate the release of enzymes that destroy cartilage, which in turn can lead to arthritis.

What is the association between allergies and OA?

There is some evidence of a potential link between food sensitivities and joint inflammation in certain individuals. More research in this area is needed to determine the nature of this connection.

Risk Factors

What are the risk factors for OA?

· Advancing age

· Obesity

· Insulin resistance or diabetes

· Congenital abnormalities

· Joint injuries

· Lack of physical activity

· Hereditary susceptibility

What is primary OA?

Osteoarthritis is classified as primary (idiopathic) when the exact cause is unknown, and secondary if it is associated with a specific disease or condition such as diabetes. Most primary OA is related to aging. Approximately 80-90 percent of men and women have evidence of OA by the time they reach age 65.

In the vast majority of cases, OA develops silently before causing noticeable pain and stiffness. Affected individuals often do not have any symptoms until after age 50.

What factors increase the likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes, a major risk factor for OA?

Your likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes increases with the number of risk factors. If any of the risk factors below apply to you, please talk to a health care professional about how to lower your risk and determine if testing is needed.

· Obesity. Excessive body weight increases diabetes risk.

· Apple-shaped figure. Individuals whose bodies store fat in the abdominal area have a higher risk of diabetes than those who store excess weight in the hips and thighs.

· Age. Age increases the risk of type 2 diabetes.

· Sedentary lifestyle. Regular physical activity can prevent excess weight, which is a significant risk factor for type 2 diabetes. A second benefit of regular physical activity is improved blood sugar control in people who already have type 2 diabetes.

· Family history. The genetic link for type 2 diabetes is stronger than the genetic link for type 1. Having a blood relative with type 2 diabetes increases the risk. If that person is a first-degree relative, such as a parent, sibling or child, the risk is even higher.

· History of diabetes in pregnancy. If you had diabetes during pregnancy (gestational diabetes), you have an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

· Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Also known as pre-diabetes, IGT means that the individual’s blood sugar level is elevated, but still below the level that qualifies as diabetes.

· Ethnic ancestry. Being of Aboriginal, African, Latin, or Asian descent increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Risk levels for these groups are two to six times higher than for Americans of Caucasian origin.

· High blood pressure. People with high blood pressure are more likely to have or develop diabetes.

. High cholesterol or other fats in the blood. People with diabetic conditions often have high levels of harmful LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and low levels of “good” HDL cholesterol.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

What are the symptoms of OA?

Pain is the most frequent symptom of OA. Other common symptoms are morning stiffness in the joint, limited range of movement, and crepitus (a crackling sound or feeling) when the joint is moved.

The pain of osteoarthritis is described as a sharp ache or burning sensation that worsens with use. Pain increases as cartilage erodes and bone surfaces lose their protection. The chronic pain and stiffness leads to decreased movement, which in turn allows the muscles to atrophy and ligaments to become lax.

What joints are affected by OA?

Osteoarthritis can affect any joint in the body. The most common are the large weight-bearing joints such as the knees or hips, but OA can also develop in the fingers, hands, feet, shoulders, lower lumbar vertebrae, and the cervical spine.

Could my back or neck problem be related to OA?

Yes, it could. Vertebrae are bones, and areas between them are joints protected by cartilage disks. In addition to the problems resulting from disk erosion, osteophytes can also grow around the vertebrae in the neck or back. These can put pressure on the nerve root or other surrounding tissues (impingement on the spinal foramina), creating symptoms such as

· pain that radiates down the leg or arms (radicular pain)

· muscle spasms

· muscle atrophy

· neurological deficits

How is OA diagnosed?

If you suspect osteoarthritis, your doctor will make a diagnosis based on your medical history, a physical exam, and X-rays of the affected joints. Your physician may also order an MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), an arthroscopy (examining the joint through a small incision), or arthrocentesis (drawing fluid from a swollen joint)

Researchers are currently attempting to identify markers in the blood that are associated with the severity of OA in each patient. A recent study found that patients with especially high levels of TNF alpha (a protein that is part of the immune system) generally had lower physical function, more OA symptoms, and worse knee radiographic scores. (Pennix et al, 2004)

What does the doctor see on an X-ray to diagnose OA?

In a joint affected by osteoarthritis, the space where the two bones meet is abnormally narrow. This condition, known as joint space narrowing, results from the cartilage breakdown that occurs with OA. The radiologist will also look for bony outgrowths at the edges of joints (osteophytes), another characteristic of OA.

What is the association between depressed mood and the chronic pain of osteoarthritis?

Arthritis and depression are common and important health problems, and older adults are more likely to suffer from both. Patients with both conditions generally experience more pain and functional impairment than individuals dealing with pain alone (Bair et al, 2004). Systematic depression management has been demonstrated to be effective in decreasing pain severity among arthritis patients (Lin et al, 2006).

Treatment Options Options

What are some of the treatment options for OA?

A multifaceted approach is best for maximum control over osteoarthritis. Every patient is unique and should—in conjunction with a physician—use whatever combination of treatments works best:

· patient education about OA

· exercise

· weight control

· physiotherapy

· anti-inflammatory drugs

· non-narcotic analgesics such as acetaminophen

· alternative medicines and natural remedies

· acupuncture

· local injections of glucorticoids

· surgery to relieve chronic pain in damaged joints

What is the connection between food and OA?

Although the current consensus within the medical community is that is diet and arthritis are not connected, there is some evidence that certain types of diets, with specific amounts of calories, protein, and fatty acids, may affect the inflammation that occurs with arthritis. An increasing number of physicians recognize the need to re-evaluate this position in light of new knowledge about food and its potential role in treating or preventing chronic conditions such as arthritis.

How does weight loss affect arthritis?

Recent studies indicate that that weight loss through diet and exercise improves physical function in older obese adults with knee OA, and that those with the most weight loss show the greatest improvement (Miller et al, 2006). One clinical study showed that a weight loss of just 10 percent resulted in a functional improvement of 28 percent (Christensen et al, 2005).

A recent meta-analysis demonstrated that patient education and exercise regimens each had a modest, yet clinically important, influence on well-being for OA patients. (Devos-Comby L et al, 2006).

What is evidence based medicine (EBM)?

Evidence based medicine (EBM) is a new paradigm for making decisions about a patient’s health. Rather than relying exclusively on their own professional expertise, physicians using EBM also evaluate current clinical research to help make decisions about medical treatments and patient care. The evidence used may include randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews of series of trials, meta-analyses, and other information collection and research activities.

RECENT STUDIES

How effective are NSAIDs at treating the pain associated with OA?

A recent meta-analysis published in the European Journal of Pain concluded that the clinical effects of oral NSAID therapy in patients with moderate to severe arthritis are small and limited to the first three weeks after the start of treatment (Bjordal et al, 2007).

What impact does weight reduction have on OA?

A recent randomized trial concluded that an intensive weight loss intervention program of diet and exercise improved physical function in older obese adults with knee OA (Miller et al, 2006).

How effective is chondroitin sulfate for treating OA?

A very recent meta-analysis published in the Annals of Internal Medicine concluded that the “symptomatic benefit of chondroitin is minimal or nonexistent. Use of chondroitin in routine clinical practice should therefore be discouraged” (Reichenbach et al, 2007).

How effective is acupuncture for treating OA?

A recent meta-analysis on acupuncture for peripheral joint arthritis concluded that although further studies are needed to adequately evaluate its effectiveness for OA, acupuncture’s favorable safety profile makes it an option worth considering (Kwon et al, 2006).

Which drug is more effective for treating OA: acetaminophen or NSAIDS?

A recent review from the Cochrane Collaboration database concluded that NSAIDS appear to be more effective than acetaminophen for the treatment of arthritis (Towheed et al, 2006).

How effective are physical interventions in the treatment of knee osteoarthritic pain?

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is the most common knee joint affected by OA. A recent meta-analysis published in BMC Musculoskeltal Disorders (Bjordal JM, et), concluded that “TENS, EA and LLLT administered with optimal doses in an intensive 2-4 week treatment regimen, seem to offer clinically relevant short-term pain relief for OAK.” [Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS, including interferential currents), electro-acupuncture (EA) and low level laser therapy (LLLT)]. If you suffer from OA of the knees, you may want to talk to your doctor about these treatment options.

How effective are hyaluronic acid injections in relieving knee pain?

“Intra-articular viscosupplementation was moderately effective in relieving knee pain in patients with osteoarthritis at 5 to 7 and 8 to 10 weeks after the last injection but not at 15 to 22 weeks (Modawal et al, 2005).”

This study additionally included these practice recommendations:

“1. Consider injections of hyaluronic acid injections only after conservative therapy has been tried for atleast three months or the patient is unable to tolerate NSAIDS.

2. Stress to patients that pain relief may not be fully experienced until 5-7 weeks following the last injection.”

What this means? HA injections should be tried after other treatment options have been explored. In addition, HA injections may offer moderate pain relief, but the pain relief can take up to a month to reach the maximum effect.

How much do HA injections cost? Each injection costs approximately $230 and the recommendations include patients receiving one injection per week for a total of five weeks which amounts to about $1150.

REFERENCES

Miller GD, Niclas BJ, Davis C, Loeser RF, Lenchik L, Messier SP. Intensive weight loss program improves physical function in older obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2006 July;14(7):1219-30.

Christensen R, Astrup A, Bliddal H. Weight loss: the treatment of choice for knee osteoarthritis? A randomized trial. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 2005 Jan;3(1):20-7.

Penninx BW, Abbas H, Ambrosius W, Nicklas BJ, Davis C, Messier SP, Pahor M. Inflammatory markers and physical function among older adults with knee osteoarthritis. J Rheumatol. 2004 Oct;31(10):2027-31.

Devos-Comby L, Cronan T, Roesch SC. Do exercise and self-management interventions benefit patients with osteoarthritis of the knee? A metaanalytic review. J Rheumatol. 2006 Apr;33(4):744-56.

Bjordal JM, Klovning A, Ljunggren AE, Slordal L. Short-term efficacy of pharmacotherapeutic interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain: A meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials. European Journal of Pain. 2007;11:125-138.

Miller GD, Nicklas BJ, Davis C, Loeser RF, Lenchik L, Messier SP. Intensive weight loss program improves physical function in older obese adults with knee osteoarthritis. Obesity. 2006 Jul;14(7):1219-30.

Reichenbach S, Sterchi R, Scherer M, Trelle S, Burgi E, Burgi U, Dieppe PA, Juni P. Meta-analysis: chondroitin for osteoarthritis of the knee or hip. Ann Intern Med. 2007 April 17;146(8):580-90.

Kwon YD, Pittler MH, Ernst E. Acupuncture for peripheral joint osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2006 Nov;45(11):1331-7.

Towheed TE, Maxwell L, Judd MG, Catton M, Hochberg MC, Wells G. Acetaminophen for osteoarthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2006 Jan 25;1:CD004257.

Bjordal JM, Johnson MI, Lopes-Martins RA, Bogen B, Chow R, Ljunggren AE. Short-term efficacy of physical interventions in osteoarthritic knee pain. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised placebo-controlled trials. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2007 Jun 22;8:51.

Modawal A, Ferrer M, Choi HK, Castle JA. Hyaluronic acid injections relieve knee pain. J Fam Pract. 2005 Sep;54(9):758-67.

Links:

Arthroleve: http://arthroleve.com

Dr. Jarret Morrow’s Dietary Supplement Research blog:

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